All Terms Starting with I in Glossary

I-joist

An "I"-shaped engineered wood structural product designed for use in residential and light commercial floor and roof construction. The product is prefabricated using sawn lumber flanges and wood panel webs, bonded together with exterior grade adhesives. Forestry & Wood Products Industry Operating Statistics

Manufacturing Term Letter: I

Illiquid Securities

are securities that cannot easily be sold within seven days by virtue of the absence of a readily available market or legal or contractual restriction on resale. Certain restricted securities (such as Rule 144A securities) are not generally considered illiquid because of their established trading market.

Financial Term Letter: I

Immunocytochemistry

A method of detecting cancer in tissues. Monoclonal antibodies are used to stain the tissues and cells before examination under a microscope.

Health Care Term Letter: I

Immunogenic

Compounds that show toxicity levels equally at given doses.

Health Care Term Letter: I

Immunoglobulin IgG

IgG or Immunoglobulin are proteins found in human blood. This protein is called an "antibody" and is an important part of the bodys defense against disease. When the body is attacked by harmful bacteria or viruses, antibodies help fight these invaders.

Health Care Term Letter: I

Imports

merchandise of foreign origin or domestically produced goods that are returned to the United States with no change in condition or after having been processed and/or assembled in other countries.

Economy Term Letter: I

In-license

Acquiring the rights to a technology and the related know-how from an unrelated company or institution in order to further develop, commercialize or otherwise exploit the technology

Economy Term Letter: I

In-vitro

refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a test tube, or, generally, in a controlled environment outside a living organism.

Health Care Term Letter: I

In-vivo

refers that which takes place inside an organism. In science, in vivo refers to experimentation done in or on the living tissue of a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead one. Animal testing and clinical trials are forms of in-vivo research.

Health Care Term Letter: I

Income Per Employee

A ratio that measures companys productivity by dividing Income earned over the past twelve months, by the number of employees. Income Per Employee displays how much a single employee contributes to the net income of the company in the period of 12 months. Income Per Employee Formula = (Net Income / Employee)

Fundamental Analysis Letter: I

Income Statement

A financial statement that reflects the companys profit by measuring revenues and expenses. Statement of Income

Financial Term Letter: I

Income Tax

means any tax on or measured by the net income of a Party (including taxes on capital or net worth that are imposed as an alternative to a tax based on net or gross income), or tax which is in the nature of an excess profits tax, minimum tax on tax preferences, alternative minimum tax, accumulated earnings tax, personal holding company tax, capital gains tax or franchise tax for the privilege of d

Financial Term Letter: I

Industrial Coal

Coal used by industrial steam boilers to produce electricity or process steam. It generally is lower in Btu heat content and higher in volatile matter than metallurgical coal. Coal Industry Operating Statistics

Energy Term Letter: I

Inflation

What is Infaltion? Inflation is constant and above average increase in general level of prices, usually attributed to rise in the volume of money. When the volume of money rises but quantity of products and services remain unchanged or increase on the lower level, results are higher prices (Inflation) and the loss of value of currency. Inflation is measured with CPI on the retail level and with PP

Economy Term Letter: I

Ingot

A mass of metal, such as a bar or block, that is cast in a standard shape, typically meeting international specifications such as the LME futures contract specifications, to facilitate handling, storage, shipping, trading or smelting and fabricating.

Manufacturing Term Letter: I

Initial Pool Balance

means the sum of the Pool Balance of the initial trust loans as of the closing date and all amounts deposited into the supplemental purchase account and the add-on consolidation loan account on the closing date.

Financial Term Letter: I

Initial Public Offering IPO

The initial sale of stock by a private company to the public. Initial Public Offering IPOs are used by the private companies to raise capital.

Economy Term Letter: I

Inland Marine

A broad type of insurance generally covering articles that may be transported from one place to another, as well as bridges, tunnels and other instrumentalities of transportation. It includes goods in transit, generally other than transoceanic, and may include policies for movable objects such as personal effects, personal property, jewelry, furs, fine art and others.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Insolvency Event

The occurrence of any of the following events: (a) such Person shall become insolvent or generally fail to pay, or admit in writing its inability to pay, its debts as they become due, or shall voluntarily commence any proceeding or file any petition under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or seeking dissolution, liquidation or reorganization or the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custo

Financial Term Letter: I

Insurance Broker

One who negotiates contracts of insurance or reinsurance on behalf of an insured party, receiving a commission from the insurer or reinsurer for placement and other services rendered.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Insurance Claim

Request by an insured for indemnification by an insurance company for loss incurred from an insured peril.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Insurance Rates

Amounts charged per unit of insurance.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Insurance Underwriter

An employee of an insurance company who examines, accepts or rejects risks and classifies accepted risks in order to charge an appropriate premium for each accepted risk. The underwriter is expected to select business that will produce an average risk of loss no greater than that anticipated for the class of business.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Insurance Underwriting

The insurers or reinsurers process of reviewing applications for insurance coverage, and the decision as to whether to accept all or part of the coverage and determination of the applicable premiums; also refers to the acceptance of that coverage.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Insurance Underwriting Expense Ratio

For SAP, it is the ratio of underwriting expenses incurred less other income to net written premiums. For GAAP, it is the ratio of underwriting expenses incurred reduced by an allocation of fee income and billing and policy fees to net earned premiums.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Insurance Underwriting Gain or Loss

Net earned premiums and fee income less claims and claim adjustment expenses and insurance-related expenses.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Intangible Asset

A non-financial asset lacking physical substance, such as goodwill, patents, licenses, trademarks and customer relationships.

Financial Term Letter: I

Integrated Resort

a resort which provides customers with a combination of hotel accommodations, casinos or gaming areas, retail and dining facilities, MICE space, entertainment venues and spas. Hotels & Leisure Industry

Hotel & Leisure Term Letter: I

Interchange Income

A fee that is paid to a credit card issuer in the clearing and settlement of a sales or cash advance transaction.

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Bearing Liabilities

Liabilities such as customer deposits, repurchase agreements and other borrowings, FHLB advances, certain customer credit balances and stock loan programs on which the Company pays interest; excludes customer money market balances held by third parties.

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Coverage Ratio

A financial strength ratio that measures a companys ability to service its interest payments. Interest Coverage Ratio below 1 indicates the company is not generating sufficient income to cover its interest payments. Interest Coverage Ratio Formula = (Ebitda / Interest expense )

Fundamental Analysis Letter: I

Interest Earning Assets

Consists of the primary interest-earning assets of the Company and includes: loans, available-for-sale mortgage-backed and investment securities, margin receivables, trading securities, stock borrow balances and cash required to be segregated under regulatory guidelines that earn interest for the Company.

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Expense

Interest expense is divided principally into three categories (I) deposits, which primarily relates to interest expense on deposits taken from customers and institutions, (II) short-term borrowings, which primarily relates to interest expense on commercial paper, federal funds purchased, bank overdrafts and other short-term borrowings, and (III) long-term debt, which primarily relates to interest

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Income

Interest and dividends on investment securities primarily relates to the Companys performing fixed-income securities. Interest income is accrued as earned using the effective interest method, which adjusts the yield for security premiums and discounts, fees and other payments, so that the related investment security recognizes a constant rate of return on the outstanding balance throughout its ter

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Margin

the difference between the yield a Bank earns on its assets and the interest rate it pays for deposits and other sources of funding - which could in turn affect its net interest income and earnings. Operating Statistics

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Rate Cap

An options contract that puts an upper limit on a floating exchange rate. The writer of the cap has to pay the holder of the cap the difference between the floating rate and the upper limit when that upper limit is breached. There is usually a premium paid by the buyer of such a contract.

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Rate Floor

An options contract that puts a lower limit on a floating exchange rate. The writer of the floor has to pay the holder of the floor the difference between the floating rate and the lower limit when that lower limit is breached. There is usually a premium paid by the buyer of such a contract.

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk represents exposures to instruments whose values vary with the level or volatility of interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, loans, debt securities, certain trading-related assets and liabilities, deposits, borrowings and derivative instruments. Hedging instruments used to mitigate these risks include related derivatives such as options, futures, forw

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Rate Spread

interest rate spreads, meaning the difference between interest rates earned on loans and investments and the interest rates paid on deposits and borrowings Operating Statistics

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest Rate Swap

Contracts that are entered into primarily as an asset/liability management strategy to reduce interest rate risk. Agreement under which two counterparties agree to exchange one type of interest rate cash flow for another. In a typical arrangement, one party periodically will pay a fixed amount of interest, in exchange for which that party will receive variable payments computed using a published i

Financial Term Letter: I

Interest-Only Strip

Interest-only strips are generated from USCS securitization activity and are a form of retained interest held by the Company in the securitization. This financial instrument represents the present value of estimated future positive "excess spread" expected to be generated by the securitized assets over the estimated life of those assets. Excess spread is the net cash flow from interest and fee col

Financial Term Letter: I

Interests In Purchased Receivables

Represents an ownership interest in cash flows of an underlying pool of receivables transferred by a third-party seller into a bankruptcy-remote entity, generally a trust.

Financial Term Letter: I

Intrinsic Value

The actual value of a security. Intrinsic value is the difference between the strike price of an in-the-money option and the market price of the hedged item. In the case of a swap or futures contract, intrinsic value is the difference between the market price of the hedged item and the swap or futures price.

Financial Term Letter: I

Inventories Retail

Merchandise inventories are the value of stocks of goods held for sale. The inventories estimates represent the value, at cost, of the merchandise available for sale as of the last day of the report period. Methods of valuation may vary according to the accounting practices of each firm. The estimates provided in this report are valued on a non-LIFO (last in, first out) basis. LIFO is a method of

Economy Term Letter: I

Inventories to Sales Ratios Retail

The inventories / sales ratios show the relationship of the end-of-month values of inventory to the monthly sales. These ratios can be looked at as indications of the number of months of inventory that are on hand in relation to the sales for a month. For example, a ratio of 2.5 would indicate that the retail stores have enough merchandise on hand to cover two and a half months of sales.

Economy Term Letter: I

Inventory Turnover Ratio

A ratio that measures companys ability to sell and replace its inventory. High ratio indicates that company is able to sell its inventory in the short period. Declining ratio indicates inventory build up. There are two ways to calculate Inventory Turnover Ratio Inventory Turnover Ratio Formula = (Sales / Inventory) Inventory Turnover Ratio Formula = (Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory) The benefit of

Fundamental Analysis Letter: I

Inverse Floaters

Inverse floating rate securities, also known as inverse floaters, are created by depositing a municipal bond, typically with a fixed interest rate, into a special purpose trust created by a broker-dealer. This trust, in turn, (a) issues floating rate certificates typically paying short-term tax-exempt interest rates to third parties in amounts equal to some fraction of the deposited bonds par amou

Financial Term Letter: I

Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier IMPD

An IMPD is now required to accompany an application to perform clinical trials in any European Member State. It provides a summary of information on the quality of the product being evaluated in a clinical trial planned to occur in a European Member State, including reference products and placebos. It also provides data from non-clinical studies and available previous clinical experience with the

Health Care Term Letter: I

Investigational New Drug IND

An application that a drug sponsor must submit to FDA before beginning tests of a new drug on humans. The IND contains the plan for the study and is supposed to give a complete picture of the drug, including its structural formula, animal test results, and manufacturing information.

Health Care Term Letter: I

Investment Grade

An indication of credit quality based on independent rating agencies risk assessment system. "Investment grade" generally represents a rating risk profile of a "BBB-"/"Baa3" or better.

Financial Term Letter: I

Investment Securities

Generally, an instrument that provides an ownership position in a corporation (a stock), a creditor relationship with a corporation or governmental body (a bond), rights to contractual cash flows backed by pools of financial assets or rights to ownership such as those represented by options, subscription rights and subscription warrants.

Financial Term Letter: I

IRIS Ratios

Financial ratios calculated by the NAIC to assist state insurance departments in monitoring the financial condition of insurance companies.

Insurance Term Letter: I

Iron

Iron ore is the term applied to a natural iron-bearing mineral in which the content of iron is sufficient to be commercially usable. Metallic iron, from which steel is derived, must be extracted from iron ore. Thousands of products having various chemical composition, forms, and sizes are made of iron and steel by casting, forging, and rolling processes. Iron & Steel Industry Operating Statistics

Manufacturing Term Letter: I

Iron Ore

Iron ore is a mineral substance which, when heated in the presence of a reductant, will yield metallic iron (Fe). It almost always consists of iron oxides, the primary forms of which are magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3). Iron ore is the source of primary iron for the worlds iron and steel industries. It is therefore essential for the production of steel, which in turn is essential to maintai

Manufacturing Term Letter: I

ISO

International Organization for Standardization.

Economy Term Letter: I

ISO 14001

An international standard for environmental management systems published by the International Standards Organisation in 1996.

Economy Term Letter: I

ISO 9000

A family of standards and guidelines for quality in the manufacturing and service industries from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 9000 certification does not guarantee product quality, it ensures that the processes that develop the product are documented and performed in a quality manner.

Economy Term Letter: I

Isotoxic

Compounds that show toxicity levels equally at given doses.

Health Care Term Letter: I

Issuer Credit Risk

Issuer credit risk represents exposures to changes in the creditworthiness of individual issuers or groups of issuers. Banks portfolio is exposed to issuer credit risk where the value of an asset may be adversely impacted by changes in the levels of credit spreads, by credit migration, or by defaults. Hedging instruments used to mitigate this risk include bonds, CDS and other credit fixed income i

Financial Term Letter: I

Glossary

More Glossary Terms Beginning with I