All Terms Starting with C in Glossary | CSIMarket
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Glossary
More Glossary Terms Beginning with C
  • Calcined
    To be heated to a high temperature, but below the melting or fusing point, causing loss of moisture, reduction or oxidation or thermal decomposition (a chemical reaction where a single compound breaks up into two or more simpler compounds or elements when heated).
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Call Option
    An option that provides the right, but not the obligation, to buy an underlying futures contract at a specified strike price for a specified time.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cancer
    A disease characterized by loss or enhancement of one or more mechanisms that regulate the growth of cells of a specific tissue. Loss of these control mechanisms or gain of abnormal mechanisms in a single cell that put cell growth into overdrive allows that cell to grow, invade local tissue, and to spread to other regions of the body. This spreading of altered cells to distant sites is the process
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cancer Stem Cell
    cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Capacity Insurance
    The percentage of surplus, or the dollar amount of exposure, that an insurer or reinsurer is willing or able to place at risk. Capacity may apply to a single risk, a program, a line of business or an entire book of business. Capacity may be constrained by legal restrictions, corporate restrictions or indirect restrictions.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Capacity Oil and Gas Operations Industry
    Capacity is defined as the throughput a process unit is capable of sustaining, either on a calendar or stream day basis. The throughput may be expressed in terms of maximum sustainable, nameplate or economic capacity. The maximum sustainable or nameplate capacities may not be the most economical. The economic capacity is the throughput that generally provides the greatest economic benefit based on
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • Capital Asset Pricing Model
    Generates an appropriate discount rate using internal and external inputs to value future cash flows based on the time value of money and the price for bearing uncertainty inherent in an investment.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Capital Gain or Capital Loss
    the difference between the amount paid for an investment and its value at a later time. If the investment has been sold, the capital gain or loss is considered a realized gain or loss. If the investment is still held, the gain or loss is still "on paper" and is considered unrealized.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Capital Ratios
    Represents the minimum standards established by the regulatory agencies as a measure to determine whether the regulated entity has sufficient capital to absorb on and off-balance sheet losses beyond current loss accrual estimates.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Captive
    A closely-held insurance company whose primary purpose is to provide insurance coverage to the companys owners or their affiliates.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Car Miles per Car Day
    The total car-miles for a period divided by the total number of active cars. Total car-miles includes the distance travelled by every car on a revenue-producing train and a train used in or around our yards. Railroads Industry
    Transportation Term Letter: C
  • Carcinomas
    A type of cancer that arises from the lining cells of the body, called epithelial cells. Epithelial cells form the outer layer of the skin, and the membranes lining the digestive tract, bladder and uterus, as well as the tubes and ducts that run through the bodys organs.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Card Acquisition
    Primarily represents the issuance of new cards to either new or existing cardmembers through marketing and promotion efforts.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cardiovascular
    circulatory system, heart and arteries.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cardiovascular Disease CVD
    Cardiovascular disease, which includes all diseases of the circulatory system, including CAD/CHD, heart failure and diseases of the arteries
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cardmember Loans
    Represents the outstanding amount due from cardmembers for charges made on their credit cards, as well as any interest charges and card-related fees. Cardmember loans also include balances with extended payment terms on certain charge card products and are net of unearned revenue.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cardmember Receivables
    Represents the outstanding amount due from cardmembers for charges made on their American Express charge cards as well as any card-related fees.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cargo Ton Mile Yield
    The amount of cargo revenue earned per cargo ton mile during a reporting period.
    Transportation Term Letter: C
  • Cargo Ton Miles
    The total number of tons of cargo transported during a reporting period, multiplied by the total number of miles cargo is flown during that period.
    Transportation Term Letter: C
  • Carloads
    Revenue-generating shipments of containers, trailers and freight cars. Railroads Industry
    Transportation Term Letter: C
  • Case Incurred Development Method
    An actuarial method to estimate ultimate losses for a given cohort of claims such as an accident year/product line component. If the paid-to-date losses are then subtracted from the estimated ultimate losses, the result is an indication of the unpaid losses.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Case Reserves
    Claim department estimates of anticipated future payments to be made on each specific individual reported claim.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Cash Client Assets
    Customer cash, deposits, customer payables and money market balances, including those held by third parties.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cash Equivalents
    Highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less, such as commercial paper. Typically included with cash for reporting purposes, unless designated as available-for-sale and included with investment securities.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cash flows Statement
    A financial statement that reflects cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, providing a comprehensive view of changes in the companys cash and cash equivalents.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cash-flow Hedge
    A derivative instrument that complies with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 133, as amended, and is used to reduce the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows attributable to a particular risk whereby the gains (losses) on the derivative transaction are anticipated to offset the losses (gains) on the future cash flows.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Casting Metal
    The act of pouring molten metal into a mold to produce an object of desired shape. Iron & Steel Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Casualty Insurance
    Insurance which is primarily concerned with the losses caused by injuries to third persons, i.e., not the insured, and the legal liability imposed on the insured resulting therefrom. It includes, but is not limited to, employers liability, workers compensation, public liability, automobile liability, personal liability and aviation liability insurance. It excludes certain types of losses that by l
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Catastrophe Insurance
    A severe loss, resulting from natural and man-made events, including risks such as fire, earthquake, windstorm, explosion, terrorism and other similar events. Each catastrophe has unique characteristics. Catastrophes are not predictable as to timing or amount in advance, and therefore, their effects are not included in earnings or claims and claim adjustment expense reserves prior to occurrence. A
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Catastrophe Loss
    Loss and directly identified loss adjustment expenses from catastrophes.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Catastrophe Reinsurance
    A form of excess of loss reinsurance which, subject to a specified limit, indemnifies the ceding company for the amount of loss in excess of a specified retention with respect to an accumulation of losses resulting from a catastrophic event. The actual reinsurance document is called a "catastrophe cover." These reinsurance contracts are typically designed to cover property insurance losses but can
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Cathode
    The negative electrode in an electrolysis reaction. For copper refining, the cathode is where the refined copper is deposited. For aluminum smelting, the cathode is known as the pot lining. Metal Mining Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Caustic Soda
    1
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • CDOs
    Collateralized debt obligations.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • CDS Credit Default Swap
    Credit default swap, which is a swap designed to transfer credit exposure between parties.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • CE-marked
    A compliance symbol indicating that a product meets the requirements of the European Union (EU) directives that apply to that product. CE stands for Conformit?e Europ?enne, which means European Conformity.
    Economy Term Letter: C
  • Cede, Ceding Company
    When an insurer reinsures its liability with another insurer or a "cession," it "cedes" business and is referred to as the "ceding company."
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Ceded Reinsurance
    Insurance risks transferred to another company as reinsurance.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Cell Growth
    Cell growth is the ability of an individual cell to reproduce by dividing into two cells. During normal development and subsequently during the life of the adult, this process is highly controlled. Loss of this control is the distinguishing feature of cancer cells. Although all cancer cells gain the capacity for uncontrolled growth, in most instances they retain many of the highly specialized feat
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cellular Differentiation
    the process by which a cell becomes specialized in order to perform a specific function.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cfe
    Cubic feet of natural gas equivalents Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents. Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • CFTC Commodity Futures Trading Commission
    Commodity Futures Trading Commission, an independent agency with the mandate to regulate commodity futures and option markets in the United States.
    Economy Term Letter: C
  • Chaikin Money Flow CMF
    Chaikin Money Flow oscillator is calculated from the daily readings of the Accumulation/Distribution Line. The basic premise behind the Accumulation Distribution Line is that the degree of buying or selling pressure can be determined by the location of the close relative to the high and low for the corresponding period (Closing Location Value). There is buying pressure when a stock closes in the u
    Technical Indicator Letter: C
  • Chaikin Oscillator CO
    The Chaikin Oscillator is simply the Moving Average Convergence Divergence indicator (MACD) applied to the Accumulation/Distribution Line. The formula is the difference between (Period:) the 3-day exponential moving average and (Period 2:) the 10-day exponential moving average of the Accumulation/Distribution Line. There are two bullish signals that can be generated from the Chaikin Oscillator: po
    Technical Indicator Letter: C
  • Charge Cards
    Represents cards that carry no pre-set spending limits and are primarily designed as a method of payment and not as a means of financing purchases. Cardmembers generally must pay the full amount billed each month. No finance charges are assessed on charge cards.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Chemotherapy
    The treatment of a tumor through the use of various chemical compounds, especially cytotoxic agents, which prevent cellular proliferation and reduce tumor growth.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cholesterol
    A fat-like compound.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Civilian labor force
    is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
    Economy Term Letter: C
  • Claim
    Request by an insured for indemnification by an insurance company for loss incurred from an insured peril.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Claims And Claim Adjustment Expenses
    The expenses of settling claims, including legal and other fees and the portion of general expenses allocated to claim settlement costs.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Clinical Data
    Patient and other information collected and recorded during and as part of an ongoing clinical trial.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Clinical Development
    Series of consequential studies regulated by the regulatory health authorities involving the trials of experimental drugs on humans with the aim of their possible introduction to the market. Clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap or be combined. Phase I usually involves the initial introduction of the investigational drug into people to evalu
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Closing Agent
    The Person designated by Seller and approved by Buyer to receive Purchase Prices from Buyer, for the account of Seller, for the purpose of funding a Purchased Mortgage Loan.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • CLTV
    Combined loan-to-value.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • CMOs
    Collateralized mortgage obligations.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Coal
    A carbonaceous rock mined for use as a fuel. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • Coating
    A thin layer of organic or inorganic material added to paper for various purposes, such as improving softness.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Cobalt Co
    is a metal used in numerous diverse commercial, industrial, and military applications, many of which are strategic and critical. On a global basis, the leading use of cobalt is in rechargeable battery electrodes. Superalloys, which are used to make parts for gas turbine engines, are another major use for cobalt. Cobalt is also used to make airbags in automobiles; catalysts for the petroleum and ch
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Cohort
    A group of items or individuals that share a particular statistical or demographic characteristic. For example, all claims for a given product in a given market for a given accident year would represent a cohort of claims.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Coke
    Fuel source comprised of solid carbonaceous residue derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • Collars
    Consist of the simultaneous purchase of a put option and the sale of a call option by purchasing an out-of-the-money (OTM) put option while simultaneously writing an OTM call option.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Colonoscopy
    A procedure in which a long flexible viewing tube (a colonoscope) is threaded up through the rectum for the purpose of inspecting the entire colon and rectum and, if there is an abnormality, taking a biopsy of it or removing it.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Combined Effective Loan-To-Value Ratio
    For residential real estate loans, an indicator of how much equity a borrower has in a secured borrowing based on current estimates of the value of the collateral and considering all lien positions related to the property.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Combined Ratio
    The sum of the loss and loss expense ratio, acquisition cost ratio and the administrative expense ratio. Calculated on a GAAP basis.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • COMEX Commodity Exchange
    The exchange market on gold futures contracts operated by Commodity Exchange, Inc., a subsidiary of New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. Miscellaneous Financial Services Industry
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Commercial Multi Peril Policies
    Refers to policies which cover both property and third-party liability exposures.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Commercial Paper
    Unsecured, unregistered promise to repay borrowed funds in a specified period ranging from overnight to 270 days. Financials
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Commercial Paper Rate
    Interest rate paid for unsecured, unregistered promise to repay borrowed funds in a specified period ranging from overnight to 270 days. Money market yield = ( (D x 360) / (360 ? (D x M)) ) x 100 where ?D? refers to the applicable annual rate for commercial paper quoted on a bank discount basis and expressed as a decimal, and ?M? refers to the actual number of days in the interest period for which
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Commodity Channel Index CCI
    CCI measures the gap to a Moving Average, helping detect the beginning and the end of market trends. The CCI is calculated as the difference between the price of a share and the average price over a specified period. The result is then compared with the average difference over the period. Values between +100 and -100 indicate a sideways market. Bullishness is confirmed when the index crosses +100
    Technical Indicator Letter: C
  • Commodity Linked Derivatives
    are derivative instruments, the value of which is linked to the price movement of a commodity, commodity index or commodity futures or option contract. Commodities
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Commodity Linked Note
    is a derivative instrument that has characteristics of a debt security and of a commodity-linked derivative. It typically provides for interest payments and a principal payment at maturity linked to the price movement of a commodity, commodity index or commodity futures or option contract. Commodities
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Commodity Risk
    Commodity risk represents exposures to instruments traded in the petroleum, natural gas, power and metals markets. These instruments consist primarily of futures, forwards, swaps and options. Hedging instruments used to mitigate this risk include options, futures and swaps in the same or similar commodity product, as well as cash positions.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Commutation Agreement
    An agreement between a reinsurer and a ceding company whereby the reinsurer pays an agreed-upon amount in exchange for a complete discharge of all obligations, including future obligations, between the parties for reinsurance losses incurred.
    Insurance Term Letter: C
  • Complete Response Letter
    means a letter issued by the FDA communicating their decision to a drug company that its NDA or biological licensing application is not approvable as submitted. The submitting drug company is required to respond to the Complete Response Letter if it wishes to pursue an approval for its submission.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Compliance Coal
    Coal which, when burned, emits 1.2 pounds or less of sulfur dioxide per million Btus, which is equivalent to .72% sulfur per pound of 12,000 Btu coal. Compliance coal requires no mixing with other coals or use of sulfur dioxide reduction technologies by generators of electricity to comply with the requirements of the federal Clean Air Act. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • Compound
    A homogenous chemical substance made up of two or more elements.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Computer Aided Drug Design
    means a method for design of new therapeutic molecules using computer generated models of the drug and its molecular target.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Condensate
    Plant steam returned to its liquid state.
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • Confirmed Complete Remission CR
    The total disappearance of all evidence of disease using physical examination, laboratory studies and radiologic imaging and a criterion for evaluating the efficacy of a particular anti-cancer therapy.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Constant Currency
    Represents comparison eliminating the effects of foreign exchange rate fluctuations between periods.
    Economy Term Letter: C
  • Consumer Price Index CPI
    The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time of goods and services purchased by households. The CPIs are based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, and fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors and dentists services, drugs, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Prices are collected each month in 87 urban areas across th
    Economy Term Letter: C
  • Contractual Credit Card Charge-Off
    In accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council policy, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specific event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Controlled Clinical Trial
    A clinical study that compares patients receiving a specific treatment to patients receiving an alternate treatment for the condition of interest. The alternate treatment may be another active treatment, standard of care for the condition and/or a placebo (inactive) treatment.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Copper
    is usually found in nature in association with sulfur. Pure copper metal is generally produced from a multistage process, beginning with the mining and concentrating of low-grade ores containing copper sulfide minerals, and followed by smelting and electrolytic refining to produce a pure copper cathode. An increasing share of copper is produced from acid leaching of oxidized ores. Copper is one of
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Copper Anode
    In a copper smelter, the blister copper which has undergone further refinement to remove impurities. In an anode furnace, the blister copper is blown with air and natural gas to upgrade its purity to approximately 99.0% for copper. It is then cast into copper slabs that are shipped to an electrolytic refinery. Metal Mining Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Copper Cathode
    The 99.99% pure copper deposited on the cathode in a copper refinery. Metal Mining Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Copper Concentrate
    Product of the flotation process, which is a process for concentrating the metal-bearing mineral in an ore, with a copper content typically ranging between 24% and 40%. Metal Mining Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Cordless and VoIP
    Cordless and Voice Over Internet Protocol. A cordless and VoIP terminal operating on a wireless local area network allows cordless telephony on private networks.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Coronary Artery Disease CAD
    Coronary artery disease, which is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Coronary Heart Disease CHD
    Coronary heart disease, which is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Corporate Integrity Agreement
    An agreement with the federal government whereby the Companys actions with respect to promotion and sales practices are reviewed and reported to the federal government for a period of time.
    Economy Term Letter: C
  • Corrosion
    A process that attacks the metal in a system, gradually destroying it.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Cost per Available Seat Mile CASM
    Cost per Available Seat Mile. The amount of operating cost incurred per available seat mile during a reporting period Airline Industry
    Transportation Term Letter: C
  • Crack Spread
    A simplified calculation that measures the difference between the price for light products and crude oil. For example, the 2-1-1 crack spread is often referenced and represents the approximate gross margin resulting from processing two barrels of crude oil to produce one barrel of gasoline and one barrel of distillate.
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • CRADA
    A CRADA (Cooperative Research and Development Agreement) is a formal contractual mechanism by which a variety of federal government agencies may agree to work collaboratively with a non-governmental entity to study and advance a particular idea, observation, or process under a defined plan of work.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Credit Card Securitizations
    Through securitization, the Firm transforms a portion of its credit card receivables into securities, which are sold to investors. The credit card receivables are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets through the transfer of the receivables to a trust, and through the sale of undivided interests to investors that entitle the investors to specific cash flows generated from the credit card re
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Credit Cards
    Represents cards that have a range of revolving payment terms, grace periods, and rate and fee structures. Operating Statistics
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Credit Cycle
    A period of time over which credit quality improves, deteriorates and then improves again. The duration of a credit cycle can vary from a couple of years to several years.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Credit Derivatives
    Contractual agreements that provide protection against a credit event on one or more referenced credits. The nature of a credit event is established by the protection buyer and protection seller at the inception of a transaction, and such events include bankruptcy, insolvency or failure to meet payment obligations when due. The buyer of the credit derivative pays a periodic fee in return for a pay
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Crude Oil Desalting
    The process of removing salt and other impurities from crude oil so that it can be further refined.
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • CTA
    Clinical Trial Application
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cubic Foot CF
    Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
    Energy Term Letter: C
  • Current Assets
    Cash and other assets that are expected to be converted to cash within one year. Balance Sheet
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Current Liabilities
    Amounts owed that will be paid within one year.
    Financial Term Letter: C
  • Cut off Grade
    The lowest grade of mineralized material considered economic to mine. Cut-off grade is used in the calculation of the ore reserves for a given deposit. When percentages are above grade, the material would be processed. Metal Mining Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: C
  • Cytokine
    any of a class of immunoregulatory proteins (such as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon) that are released by cells of the immune system and act as intercellular mediators in the generation of an immune response. Also called chemokine.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • Cytotoxicity
    the quality of being toxic to cells.
    Health Care Term Letter: C
  • _Casino
    a gaming facility that provides casino games consisting of table games operated in VIP areas or mass market areas, electronic games, slot machines and other casino games. Hotels & Leisure Industry
    Hotel & Leisure Term Letter: C
  • _Casino Games
    casino games of chance or games of other forms. Hotels & Leisure Industry
    Hotel & Leisure Term Letter: C