All Terms Starting with P in Glossary | CSIMarket
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Glossary
More Glossary Terms Beginning with P
  • Paediatric Exclusivity
    means, in the US, a six-month period of exclusivity to market a drug which is awarded by the FDA in return for certain paediatric clinical studies using that drug. This six-month period runs from the date of relevant patent expiry.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Paid Development Method
    An actuarial method to estimate ultimate losses for a given cohort of claims such as an accident year/product line component. If the paid-to-date losses are then subtracted from the estimated ultimate losses, the result is an indication of the unpaid losses. The basic premise of the method is that cumulative paid losses for a given cohort of claims will grow in a stable, predictable pattern from y
    Insurance Term Letter: P
  • Panelboards
    Oriented strand board, particleboard, medium density fibreboard and plywood. Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Partial Remission PR
    A decrease in the size of a tumor, or in the extent of cancer in the body, in response to treatment.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Particleboard
    A panelboard produced by chemically bonding clean sawdust, small wood particles and recycled wood fibre under heat and pressure. Forestry & Wood Products Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Particulate Matter
    Total suspended particulate. A measure of the solid particles (wood, process dust and smoke) found in air emissions.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Particulates
    Tiny particles of a substance.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Passenger Load Factor
    Represents the total number of seats sold as a percentage of total seat capacity on all sectors flown. Airline Industry
    Transportation Term Letter: P
  • Passenger Mile Yield
    The amount of passenger revenue earned per revenue passenger mile during a reporting period Airline Industry
    Transportation Term Letter: P
  • Passenger revenue yield per Mile Average Yield per RPM
    Represents the average scheduled passenger fare revenue for each revenue passenger mile (RPM), or each mile a scheduled revenue passenger is flown. Airline Industry
    Transportation Term Letter: P
  • Passive Immunotherapy
    Immunologically active material transferred into the patient as a passive recipient. Monoclonal antibodies are considered Passive Immunotherapy since antibodies are generated outside the body and given to the patient
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Patent Term Extension
    means an extension of up to five years in the term of a US patent relating to a drug which compensates for delays in marketing resulting from the need to obtain FDA approval.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Patented Claim
    A mining claim or land to which a deed has been secured from the government in compliance with the laws relating to such claims.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Pathogen
    an infectious organism (bacteria, viruses, molds and fungi, prions) that when invading a host causes a disease. Pathogens may be transmitted through food, water, air, and/or contact with infected individuals or their biological fluids.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • PBM
    Pharmacy Benefit Management The PBM business provides a full range of prescription benefit management services to managed care and other organizations. These services include plan design and administration, formulary management, mail order pharmacy services, claims processing and generic substitution. The PBM business also includes our Pharmacy operations.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Percentage Price Oscillator PPO
    The Percentage Price Oscillator is found by subtracting the longer moving average from the shorter moving average and then dividing the result by the longer moving average. Within Period:, Period 2:, Period 3: user can define the periods used to calculate Percentage Price Oscillator.
    Technical Indicator Letter: P
  • Percentage Volume Oscillator PVO
    The Percentage Volume Oscillator (PVO) is the percentage difference between two moving averages of volume. (Period) & (Period 2) The PVO can be used to identify periods of expanding or contracting volume in three different ways Centerline Crossovers: like the PPO, the PVO oscillates above and below the zero line. When PVO is positive, the shorter EMA of volume is greater than the longer EMA of
    Technical Indicator Letter: P
  • Person
    Includes natural persons, corporations, limited partnerships, general partnerships, limited liability companies, joint stock companies, joint ventures, associations, companies, trusts, banks, trust companies, land trusts, business trusts or other organizations, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Personal Bankers
    Retail branch office personnel who acquire, retain and expand new and existing customer relationships by assessing customer needs and recommending and selling appropriate banking products and services.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Personal Consumption Expenditures PCE
    The goods and services purchased by persons.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Personal Current Taxes
    Includes taxes paid by persons on income, including realized net capital gains, and on personal property.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Personal current transfer payments
    Payments consisting of transfer payments by persons to government and to the rest of the world. Payments to government include donations, fees, and fines paid to Federal, state, and local governments.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Personal current transfer receipts
    Consists of income payments to persons for which no current services are performed and net insurance settlements. It is the sum of government social benefits and net current transfer receipts from business.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Personal Income
    Income received by persons from all sources. It includes income received from participation in production as well as from government and business transfer payments. It is the sum of compensation of employees (received), supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors income with inventory valuation adjustment and capital consumption adjustment, rental income of persons with capital consumption adju
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Personal income receipts on assets
    Interest income received by persons from all sources; includes both monetary and imputed interest.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Personal outlays
    The sum of personal consumption expenditures (PCE), personal interest payments, and personal current transfer payments.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Personal saving
    Personal income less the sum of personal outlays and personal current taxes.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Pharmacokinetics
    Branch of pharmacology which studies the behavior of compounds in living organisms by means of the evaluation of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) of the drug in a living organism. If the tests are carried out using toxic doses, the appropriate term is toxicokinetics.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Pharmacology
    The branch of science that studies the mechanism of action or pharmacologic effect of drugs in the body.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Phase I Clinical Trial
    means the phase of clinical research where a new drug or treatment is tested in small groups of people (20 to 80) to check that the drug can achieve appropriate concentrations in the body, determine a safe dosage range and identify side effects. This phase includes healthy volunteer studies.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Phase II Clinical Trial
    A Phase II trial represents a study in a moderate number of patients to assess the safety and efficacy of a product
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Phase IIb Clinical Trial
    A Phase IIb trial is a moderately-sized Phase II study that is more specifically designed assess the efficacy of a product than a Phase IIa trial.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Phase III Clinical Trial
    means the phase of clinical research which is performed to gather additional information about effectiveness and safety of the drug, often in a comparative setting, to evaluate the overall benefit/ risk profile of the drug. Phase III studies usually include between several hundred and several thousand patients.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Phenotype
    for microorganisms, the functional responses or observable characteristics that differentiate one set of organisms from another within the same species. The basis for strain differentiation based on observable behavior or properties other than those expressed in the genotype.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Pitch
    A viscous liquid derived from plant or petroleum products used as a binder for the production of carbon anodes, required in the aluminum smelting process.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Pivotal study or Pivotal trial
    Clinical trial on which a drugs safety and efficacy is based and which provides the data that the FDA uses to decide whether or not to approve a drug. A pivotal study will generally be a phase III, well-controlled, randomized trial.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Plasma
    is the clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood. Plasma differs from serum in that it contains fibrin and other soluble clotting elements.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Platinum
    Platinums wear and tarnish resistance characteristics are well suited for making fine jewelry. Other distinctive properties include resistance to chemical attack, excellent high-temperature characteristics, and stable electrical properties. All these properties have been exploited for industrial applications. Platinum, platinum alloys, and iridium are used as crucible materials for the growth of s
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Plywood
    A panelboard produced by gluing together thin layers of solid wood veneers. Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • PMA Pre-Marketing Approval
    Pre-Marketing Approval -FDA approval classification for a medical device that is not substantially equivalent to a legally marketed device or is otherwise required by statute to have an approved application. Rapid HIV tests must have an approved PMA application before marketing of such a product can begin.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Polymerization
    Polymerization is a molecular engineering process that provides the environmental and thermal stability necessary for functional electro-optical devices. Polymer materials can be engineered and optimized using nanotechnology to create a system in which unique surface, electrical, chemical and electro-optic characteristics can be controlled.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Polymers
    Polymers, also known as plastics, are large carbon-based molecules that bond many small molecules together to form a long chain. Polymer materials can be engineered and optimized using nanotechnology to create a system in which unique surface, electrical, chemical and electro-optic characteristics can be controlled. Materials based on polymers are used in a multitude of industrial and consumer pro
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Pool
    An organization of insurers or reinsurers through which particular types of risks are underwritten with premiums, losses and expenses being shared in agreed-upon percentages.
    Insurance Term Letter: P
  • Pool Balance
    means, for any date, the aggregate principal balance of the trust loans on that date, including accrued interest that is expected to be capitalized.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Pooled Analysis
    Pooled analysis means combining analyses from more than one clinical trial.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Porphyry
    A deposit in which minerals of copper, molybdenum, gold or, less commonly, tungsten and tin are disseminated or occur in stock-work of small veinlets within a large mass of hydro-thermally altered igneous rock. The host rock is commonly an intrusive porphyry, but other rocks intruded by a porphyry can also be hosts for ore minerals.
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Portfolio Activity
    Describes changes to the risk profile of existing lending-related exposures and their impact on the allowance for credit losses from changes in customer profiles and inputs used to estimate the allowances.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Potash
    is used primarily as an agricultural fertilizer (plant nutrient) because it is a source of soluble potassium, one of the three primary plant nutrients; the others are fixed nitrogen and soluble phosphorus. Potash and phosphorus are mined products, and fixed nitrogen is produced from the atmosphere by using industrial processes. Chemical Manufacturing Industry
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Pre Baked
    A type of aluminum smelting technology using anodes composed of blocks of solid carbon that are baked before use in the smelting pot, as opposed to anodes that are being baked during the reduction process. Metal Mining Industry
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Pre Refunding
    Pre-refunding, also known as advanced refundings or refinancings, is a procedure used by state and local governments to refinance municipal bonds to lower interest expenses. The issuer sells new bonds with a lower yield and uses the proceeds to buy U.S. Treasury securities, the interest from which is used to make payments on the higher-yielding bonds. Because of this collateral, pre-refunding gene
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Pre-clinical
    refers to research that is performed in animals or tissues in the laboratory.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Precious Metals
    High value metals including gold, silver, platinum and palladium. Metal Mining Industry
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Preclinical Data
    Data collected from studies performed in the laboratory or in animals, which is used to predict the potential safety, tolerability, and activity of a potential drug before it has entered clinical trials in humans.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Preclinical Development
    Laboratory tests (in vitro and in vivo) before testing on humans. This phase involves in vitro and in vivo experimentation to evaluate the activity and toxicity of the compounds and the first stages in the study of the formulation.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Premium Option
    In relation to an option, it is the market price. Its two components are time value and intrinsic value.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Premiums
    The amount charged during the year on policies and contracts issued, renewed or reinsured by an insurance company.
    Insurance Term Letter: P
  • Price Channels
    Price channels form boundaries above and below the price line and can be used as indicators of volatility. Price channels are created by specifying a number of periods that will chart an (Period (days)) high or low around the price line. Price channels can generate buy/sell signals at points of breakouts. When the price line breaks above or below the upper or lower price channel respectively, a ne
    Technical Indicator Letter: P
  • Price to Book Ratio PB
    A valuation ratio of the price paid for a share relative to book value (Stockholders Equity) per share. Price To Book number indicates the amount of dollars paid on the stock market for one dollar of book value. Price To Book Formula = (Share Price / Stockholders Equity per Share)
    Fundamental Analysis Letter: P
  • Price to Cash Flow Ratio PCF
    A valuation ratio of the price paid for a share relative to cash flow per share for the last 4 quarters. Price to Cash Flow number indicates the amount of dollars paid on the stock market for one dollar of cash flow. Price to Cash Flow Ratio Formula = (Share Price / Cash Flow(TTM) per Share)
    Fundamental Analysis Letter: P
  • Price to Earnings Growth Ratio PEG
    A valuation ratio of the price paid for a share relative to earning per share for the last 4 quarters, divided by earnings growth. A lower Price to Earnings Growth Ratio PEG means that the stock is more undervalued. Price to Earnings Growth Ratio PEG Formula = (Share Price / Eps(TTM)) / earnings growth
    Fundamental Analysis Letter: P
  • Price to Earnings Ratio PE
    The P/E ratio is the most widely used ratio in the valuation of stocks. There are at least two ways to calculate Price to earning ratio. First; Price to earnings TTM, or PE(TTM) A valuation ratio of the price paid for a share relative to earnings per share for the last 4 quarters. Price To Earnings number indicates the number of years of indentical earnings to pay back purchase price of Stock. Pri
    Fundamental Analysis Letter: P
  • Price to Free Cash Flow Ratio PFCF
    A valuation ratio of the price paid for a share relative to free cash flow per share for the last 4 quarters. Price to Free Cash Flow number indicates the amount of dollars paid on the stock market for one dollar of free cash flow. Price to Free Cash Flow Ratio Formula = (Share Price / Free Cash Flow(TTM) per Share)
    Fundamental Analysis Letter: P
  • Price to Sales Ratio PS
    A valuation ratio of the price paid for a share relative to sales per share for the last 4 quarters. Price To Sales Ratio number indicates the amount of dollars paid on the stock market for one dollar of Sales. Price To Sales Ratio Formula = (Share Price / Revenues(TTM) per Share) Price To Sales Ratio Expected Sales uses companys expected Sales.
    Fundamental Analysis Letter: P
  • Price to Tangible Book Ratio PTB
    A valuation ratio of the price paid for a share relative to tangible book value (Stockholders Equity less Goodwill and Intangible Assets) per share. Price To Tangible Book number indicates the amount of dollars paid on the stock market for one dollar of tangible book value. Price To Tangible Book Formula = (Share Price / (Stockholders Equity - Goodwill and Intangible Assets) per Share)
    Fundamental Analysis Letter: P
  • Prime Mortgage Loans
    Prime mortgage loans generally have low default risk and are made to borrowers with good credit records and a monthly income that is at least three to four times greater than their monthly housing expense (mortgage payments plus taxes and other debt payments). These borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Principal Distribution Amount
    as to the initial distribution date, the amount by which the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the notes exceeds the Adjusted Pool Balance for that distribution date, and as to each subsequent distribution date, the amount by which the Adjusted Pool Balance for the preceding distribution date exceeds the Adjusted Pool Balance for that distribution date.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Principal Transactions
    Realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading activities (including physical commodities inventories that are accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value) and changes in fair value associated with financial instruments held by the Investment Bank for which the fair value option was elected. Principal transactions revenue also include private equity gains and losses.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • PRO FORMA
    A non-GAAP manner of presentation intended to provide improved comparability of financial results; it assumes business purchases/dispositions were completed at the beginning of the earliest period discussed (i.e., results are compared for all periods but only for businesses presently owned).
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Probable Reserves
    Reserves for which quantity and grade and are computed from information similar to that used for proven reserves, but the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation. Metal Mining Industry
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • Producer Price Index PPI
    The Producer Price Index (PPI) is a family of indexes that measure the average change over time in the prices received by domestic producers of goods and services. PPIs measure price change from the perspective of the seller. This contrasts with other measures, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). CPIs measure price change from the purchasers perspective. Sellers and purchasers prices can diffe
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Product Candidate
    A pharmaceutical or biopharmaceutical substance in any phase of research and development between initial research and the completion of the clinical trials and market approval.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Production replacement ratio
    The production replacement ratio is calculated by dividing the net proved reserves added through discoveries, positive and negative revisions and purchases and sales in-place for a given period by the production for the same period, expressed as a percentage. The production replacement ratio is typically reported on an annual basis.
    Energy Term Letter: P
  • Productivity
    The rate of increased output for a given level of input, with both output and input measured in constant currency. These productivity measures describe the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all per
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Prognosis
    Prognosis refers to the likely course of a disease at specific stage of development. For example, a breast or prostate cancer that is not confined to the tissue of origin, e.g. is also present in a lymph node when first detected, has a greater likelihood of recurrence, a worse prognosis, than if it were confined to the tissue of origin.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Progress Collections
    Payments received from customers as deposits before the associated work is performed or product is delivered.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Property Insurance
    Insurance that provides coverage to a person or business with an insurable interest in tangible property for that persons or businesss property loss, damage or loss of use.
    Insurance Term Letter: P
  • Proprietors income
    Current-production income of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and tax-exempt cooperatives. Excludes dividends, monetary interest received by nonfinancial business, and rental income received by persons not primarily engaged in the real estate business.
    Economy Term Letter: P
  • Prospective Clinical Trial
    A clinical trial in which participants are identified and then followed for a period of time during and after the conclusion of a clinical trial.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Proteins
    Proteins are molecules that have many functions important to the nature and behavior of the cell. Many proteins are enzymes that regulate and integrate a myriad of biochemical processes essential to life.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Protocol
    A detailed plan for conducting a research study such as a clinical trial.
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Proved developed producing reserves
    Reserves expected to be recovered from existing completion intervals in existing wells.
    Energy Term Letter: P
  • Proved developed reserves
    Reserves that include proved developed producing reserves and proved developed nonproducing reserves.
    Energy Term Letter: P
  • Proved reserves
    Those quantities of natural gas, oil, condensate and NGL which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations.
    Energy Term Letter: P
  • Proved undeveloped reserves
    Reserves expected to be recovered from new wells on proved undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
    Energy Term Letter: P
  • Provision for Loan Losses
    The periodic charge to earnings for inherent losses in the loan portfolio. Statement of Income
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • PS2 Patient
    A poor performance status patient. Performance status (PS) is a measure of disease symptoms defined by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. It is rated on a scale from PS0 to PS5. Patients who are considered "good performance status" or PS0 or PS1 have minimal or no symptoms of disease and are able to maintain their activities of daily living. Patients with performance status 2 or greater are c
    Health Care Term Letter: P
  • Purchase Obligation
    An agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding and that specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans
    Acquired loans deemed to be credit-impaired under the FASB guidance for purchased credit-impaired loans. The guidance allows purchasers to aggregate credit-impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter into one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics (e.g., FICO score, geographic location). A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Purchased Funds
    The combination of certificates of deposit greater than $100,000, federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase, commercial paper, and other short-term borrowings.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Purchased Mortgage Loan
    A Mortgage Loan that has been purchased by Buyer from Seller in connection with a Transaction and which has not been repurchased by Seller hereunder.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Put Option
    An option that provides the right, but not the obligation, to sell an underlying futures contract at a specified strike price for a specified time.
    Financial Term Letter: P
  • Pyrometallurgical
    Pertaining to metallurgical operations that involve processing temperatures above ambient conditions, generally involving chemical reactions as distinct from metal casting substantially which involves only a physical transformation, such as, solidification. Iron & Steel Industry Operating Statistics
    Manufacturing Term Letter: P
  • _Paiza Cash
    a categorization for high limit cash players who typically play without credit and are characterized by non-rolling chip play. Hotels & Leisure Industry
    Hotel & Leisure Term Letter: P
  • _Pit Boss
    a supervisor whose primary duty is to monitor the floormen who, in turn, supervise table game dealers in a casino. Hotels & Leisure Industry
    Hotel & Leisure Term Letter: P
  • _Premium Player
    rolling chip players who have a direct relationship with gaming operators and typically participate in gaming activities in casinos or gaming areas without the use of Gaming Promoters. Hotels & Leisure Industry
    Hotel & Leisure Term Letter: P