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Ammonia
Ammonia is a direct application fertilizer and is primarily used as a building block for other nitrogen products for industrial applications and finished fertilizer products.
Energy Term
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Asphaltene
A tar-like component of petroleum that can foul oilfield equipment and pipelines, reducing flow and productivity.
Energy Term
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Barrel
Barrel, which is equal to 42 U.S. gallons and is a common measure of volume of crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons.
Energy Term
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Bbl
Barrel, which is equal to 42 U.S. gallons and is a common measure of volume of crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons.
Energy Term
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Bcf
Billion cubic feet Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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Bcfe
Billion cubic feet of gas equivalent Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents. Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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Blendstocks
Various compounds that are combined with gasoline or diesel from the crude oil refining process to make finished gasoline and diesel fuel; these may include natural gasoline, fluid catalytic cracking unit or FCCU gasoline, ethanol, reformate or butane, among others.
Energy Term
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BOE
Barrels of oil equivalent, Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents using the ratio of one barrel of crude oil, condensate or NGL to 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas. Barrel which is equal to 42 U.S. gallons and is a common measure of volume of crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons.
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Bpd
Abbreviation for barrels per day.
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Btu
One British thermal unit - a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.
Energy Term
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Bulk Sales
Volume sales through third party pipelines, in contrast to tanker truck quantity sales.
Energy Term
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Capacity Oil and Gas Operations Industry
Capacity is defined as the throughput a process unit is capable of sustaining, either on a calendar or stream day basis. The throughput may be expressed in terms of maximum sustainable, nameplate or economic capacity. The maximum sustainable or nameplate capacities may not be the most economical. The economic capacity is the throughput that generally provides the greatest economic benefit based on
Energy Term
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Cfe
Cubic feet of natural gas equivalents Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents. Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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Coal
A carbonaceous rock mined for use as a fuel. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Coke
Fuel source comprised of solid carbonaceous residue derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
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Compliance Coal
Coal which, when burned, emits 1.2 pounds or less of sulfur dioxide per million Btus, which is equivalent to .72% sulfur per pound of 12,000 Btu coal. Compliance coal requires no mixing with other coals or use of sulfur dioxide reduction technologies by generators of electricity to comply with the requirements of the federal Clean Air Act. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
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Condensate
Plant steam returned to its liquid state.
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Crack Spread
A simplified calculation that measures the difference between the price for light products and crude oil. For example, the 2-1-1 crack spread is often referenced and represents the approximate gross margin resulting from processing two barrels of crude oil to produce one barrel of gasoline and one barrel of distillate.
Energy Term
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Crude Oil Desalting
The process of removing salt and other impurities from crude oil so that it can be further refined.
Energy Term
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Cubic Foot CF
Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
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Development well
A well drilled into a known producing formation in a previously discovered field.
Energy Term
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Dewpoint
A specific temperature and pressure at which hydrocarbons condense to form a liquid.
Energy Term
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Distillates
Primarily diesel fuel, kerosene and jet fuel.
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Downstream
The refining and marketing of crude oil and its associated products (gasoline, jet fuel, diesel) and the production of various petrochemicals derived from crude oil.
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Dry hole
A well drilled and found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of production exceed expenses and taxes.
Energy Term
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Dth
Decatherms or ten therms. One dth equals one million Btu or approximately one Mcf. Therm = 100,000 Btu (approximately 100 cubic feet) One British thermal unit - a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.
Energy Term
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Dthe
Decatherms of natural gas equivalents Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents using the ratio of one barrel of crude oil, condensate or NGL to 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas. Decatherms or ten therms. One dth equals one million Btu or approximately one Mcf. Therm = 100,000 Btu (approximately 100 cubic feet) One British thermal unit - a measure of the amount of energy required
Energy Term
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Emissions
Residue material released into the atmosphere by way of steam or smoke discharged from manufacturing processes.
Energy Term
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Equity production
Production at the wellhead attributed to ownership.
Energy Term
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Ethanol
A clear, colorless, flammable oxygenated hydrocarbon. Ethanol is typically produced chemically from ethylene, or biologically from fermentation of various sugars from carbohydrates found in agricultural crops and cellulosic residues from crops or wood. It is used in the United States as a gasoline octane enhancer and oxygenate.
Energy Term
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Exploration
Prospecting, sampling, mapping, drilling and other work involved in searching for natural resources.
Energy Term
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Exploratory well
A well drilled into a previously untested geologic prospect to determine the presence of gas or oil.
Energy Term
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Feedstocks
Petroleum products, such as crude oil and natural gas liquids, that are processed and blended into refined products.
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Fossil Fuels
Natural gas and fuels derived from petroleum or coal such as diesel, gasoline or heating oil.
Energy Term
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Fuel Cell
An electrochemical energy conversion device designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed and which produces electricity from an external supply of fuel and oxidant.
Energy Term
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Gal
U.S. customary liquid gallon, measure of liquid capacity, legally defined as 231 cubic inches is equal to 3.78541 litres
Energy Term
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Greenhouse Gases
A number of gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxides, that trap heat in the atmosphere. Typically expressed as CO2 equivalents to account for the different warming potential of the different greenhouse gases. Direct GHG emissions are those generated onsite through the production or combustion of energy.
Energy Term
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Gross Calorific Value
The quantity of heat produced by the combustion of fuel at constant pressure and specific conditions, with the resulting water condensed to a liquid.
Energy Term
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Heating degree days
A measure of the number of degrees the average daily outside temperature is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
Energy Term
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Heavy Crude Oil
A relatively inexpensive crude oil characterized by high relative density and viscosity. Heavy crude oils require greater levels of processing to produce high value products such as gasoline and diesel fuel.
Energy Term
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Industrial Coal
Coal used by industrial steam boilers to produce electricity or process steam. It generally is lower in Btu heat content and higher in volatile matter than metallurgical coal. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Kcal/kg
Thousands of calories per kilogram, a measurement of energy per unit mass.
Energy Term
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KWh
Kilowatt hours, or one thousand watts per hour, which is a unit of measurement of power usage. Electric Utilities Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Light Crude oil
A relatively expensive crude oil characterized by low relative density and viscosity. Light crude oils require lower levels of processing to produce high value products such as gasoline and diesel fuel.
Energy Term
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Light Sweet Crude Oil
A crude oil that is relatively low in sulfur content, requiring less processing to remove the sulfur. Sweet crude oil is typically more expensive than sour crude oil.
Energy Term
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MBbls
Thousand barrels, barrel is equal to 42 U.S. gallons and is a common measure of volume of crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons.
Energy Term
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MBd
MB/d thousand barrels per day, barrel is equal to 42 U.S. gallons and is a common measure of volume of crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons. Oil & Gas Operations Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Mcf
Thousand cubic feet Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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Mcfe
Thousand cubic feet of gas equivalent Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents. Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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MDth
Thousand dekatherms Decatherms or ten therms. One dth equals one million Btu or approximately one Mcf. Therm = 100,000 Btu (approximately 100 cubic feet) One British thermal unit - a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.
Energy Term
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Metallurgical Coal
The various grades of coal suitable for carbonization to make coke for steel manufacture. Also known as "met" coal, it possesses four important qualities: volatility, which affects coke yield; the level of impurities, which affects coke quality, composition, which affects coke strength; and basic characteristics, which affect coke oven safety. Met coal has a particularly high Btu, but low ash cont
Energy Term
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MMbtu
1
Energy Term
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MMcf
Million cubic feet Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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MMcfd
Million cubic feet of gas per day Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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Mmcfed.php
1
Energy Term
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MMDth
Million dekatherms Decatherms or ten therms. One dth equals one million Btu or approximately one Mcf. Therm = 100,000 Btu (approximately 100 cubic feet) One British thermal unit - a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.
Energy Term
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MW
Mega watt, or one million watts, which is a unit of measurement of power.
Energy Term
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MWh
Megawatt hours, or one million watts per hour, which is a unit of measurement of power usage. Electric Utilities Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Natural Gas Equivalents
Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents using the ratio of one barrel of crude oil, condensate or NGL to 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas.
Energy Term
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Natural Gas Liquids
Natural gas liquids, often referred to as NGLs, are both feedstocks used in the manufacture of refined fuels and are products of the refining process. Common NGLs used include propane, isobutane, normal butane and natural gasoline.
Energy Term
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Natural Gas Liquids NGL
Liquid hydrocarbons that are extracted and separated from the natural gas stream. NGL products include ethane, propane, butane, natural gasoline and heavier hydrocarbons.
Energy Term
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Production replacement ratio
The production replacement ratio is calculated by dividing the net proved reserves added through discoveries, positive and negative revisions and purchases and sales in-place for a given period by the production for the same period, expressed as a percentage. The production replacement ratio is typically reported on an annual basis.
Energy Term
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Proved developed producing reserves
Reserves expected to be recovered from existing completion intervals in existing wells.
Energy Term
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Proved developed reserves
Reserves that include proved developed producing reserves and proved developed nonproducing reserves.
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Proved reserves
Those quantities of natural gas, oil, condensate and NGL which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations.
Energy Term
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Proved undeveloped reserves
Reserves expected to be recovered from new wells on proved undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
Energy Term
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Refined Products
Petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel, that are produced by a refinery.
Energy Term
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Refining Oil & Gas Operations Industry
The final stage of oil production in which remaining impurities are removed. Oil & Gas Operations Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Refining Yield Oil & Gas Operations Industry
The percentage of refined products that is produced from crude oil and other feedstocks. Oil & Gas Operations Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Reserves
Estimated remaining quantities of natural gas, oil and related substances anticipated to be economically producible by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce.
Energy Term
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Reservoir
A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible natural gas and/or oil that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is individual and separate from other reservoirs.
Energy Term
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Seismic
An exploration method of sending energy waves or sound waves into the earth and recording the wave reflections to indicate the type, size, shape and depth of a subsurface rock formation. 2-D seismic provides two-dimensional information and 3-D seismic provides three-dimensional views.
Energy Term
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Sour Crude Oil
A crude oil that is relatively high in sulfur content, requiring additional processing to remove the sulfur. Sour crude oil is typically less expensive than sweet crude oil.
Energy Term
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Steam Coal
Coal used by power plants and industrial steam boilers to produce electricity or process steam. It generally is lower in Btu heat content and higher in volatile matter than metallurgical coal. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Sulfur
One of the elements present in varying quantities in coal that contributes to environmental degradation when coal is burned. Sulfur dioxide is produced as a gaseous by-product of coal combustion. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Sweet Crude Oil
A crude oil that is relatively low in sulfur content, requiring less processing to remove the sulfur. Sweet crude oil is typically more expensive than sour crude oil.
Energy Term
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Tcf
Trillion cubic feet Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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Tcfe
Trillion cubic feet of gas equivalent Oil and NGL volumes are converted to natural gas equivalents. Cubic foot is a common unit of gas measurement. One standard cubic foot equals the volume of gas in one cubic foot measured at standard conditions - a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 30 inches of mercury (approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch).
Energy Term
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Therm
Therm = 100,000 Btu (approximately 100 cubic feet) One British thermal unit - a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.
Energy Term
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Throughput
The volume processed through a unit or a refinery or transported on a pipeline.
Energy Term
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Tonnes
Metric tons. A unit of mass equivalent to 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.6 pounds.
Energy Term
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Undeveloped reserves
Reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
Energy Term
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Upstream
Crude oil and natural gas exploration and production, capital expenditure project planning, field development, pipeline transmission and gas processing.
Energy Term
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Utility Coal
Coal used by power plants to produce electricity or process steam. It generally is lower in Btu heat content and higher in volatile matter than metallurgical coal. Coal Industry Operating Statistics
Energy Term
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Wet gas
Unprocessed natural gas that contains a mixture of heavier hydrocarbons including ethane, propane, butane and natural gasoline.
Energy Term
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Working interest
An interest in a gas and oil lease that gives the owner the right to drill, produce and conduct operating activities on the leased acreage and receive a share of any production.
Energy Term
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Workover
Operations on a producing well to restore or increase production.
Energy Term
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Yield Oil & Gas Operations Industry
The percentage of refined products that is produced from crude oil and other feedstocks.
Energy Term
