Small molecule drugs refer to a type of medication that is synthesized chemically and is typically no larger than 500 Da (Dalton). They are designed to target specific molecules or receptors within the body to alter their activity and bring about a therapeutic effect.

Small molecule drugs are used extensively in the healthcare industry for the treatment of a wide range of medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. They can be administered orally or through injections and are often prescribed in combination with other drugs or therapies to enhance their efficacy.

Small molecule drugs work by binding to target molecules within the body, such as proteins or enzymes, and altering their function. This can result in a variety of effects such as blocking the activity of harmful toxins, reducing inflammation, or inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells.

Some examples of well-known small molecule drugs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, which are commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Other examples include statins, which are used to lower cholesterol levels, and chemotherapeutic agents, which are used to treat cancer.

Despite their widespread use, small molecule drugs can have side effects and are not always effective for all patients or medical conditions. However, ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving the efficacy and safety of these drugs, as well as identifying new targets for treatment.