U.S. GAS TRANSMISSION
Spectra Energy’s U.S. Gas Transmission business provides transportation and
storage of natural gas for customers in various regions of the Eastern and Southeastern
United States and the Maritimes Provinces in the United States and Canada. Spectra
Energy’s U.S. pipeline systems consist of more than 12,800 miles of transmission
pipelines with five primary transmission systems: Texas Eastern Transmission,
L.P. (Texas Eastern), Algonquin Gas Transmission, LLC (Algonquin), East Tennessee
Natural Gas, LLC (East Tennessee), Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline, LLC and
Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline, L.P. (collectively, Maritimes & Northeast
Pipeline), and Gulfstream Natural Gas System, LLC (Gulfstream). These pipeline
systems receive natural gas from major North American producing regions for
delivery to markets. For 2006, U.S. gas transmission’s proportional throughput
for its pipelines totaled 1,930 TBtu, compared to 1,953 TBtu in 2005. This includes
throughput on wholly owned pipelines and its proportional share of throughput
on pipelines that are not wholly owned. A majority of contracted transportation
volumes are under long-term firm service agreements with local distribution
company (LDC) customers in the pipelines’ market areas. Firm transportation
services are also provided to gas marketers, producers, other pipelines, electric
power generators and a variety of end-users, and both firm and interruptible
transportation services are provided to various customers on a short-term or
seasonal basis. In the course of providing transportation services, U.S. Gas
Transmission also processes natural gas on its Texas Eastern system. Demand
on the pipeline systems is seasonal, with the highest throughput occurring during
colder periods in the first and fourth calendar quarters.
WESTERN CANADA TRANSMISSION & PROCESSING
Spectra Energy’s Western Canada Transmission & Processing business is comprised
of the BC Pipeline and Field Services operations, the Midstream operations and
the NGL Marketing operations.
BC Pipeline and Field Services provide natural gas transportation and gas gathering
and processing services. BC Pipeline is regulated by the National Energy Board
(NEB) under full cost of service regulation, and transports processed natural
gas from facilities primarily in northeast British Columbia (BC) to markets
in the lower mainland of BC and the US Pacific Northwest. The BC Pipeline has
approximately 1,800 miles of transmission pipeline in British Columbia and Alberta,
as well as 18 mainline compressor stations. For 2006, throughput for the BC
Pipeline totaled 579 TBtu, compared to 619 TBtu in 2005. Total transmission
capacity is approximately 2.0 Bcf per day.
The BC Field Services business, which is regulated by the NEB under a “light-handed”
regulatory model, consists of raw gas gathering pipelines and gas processing
facilities, primarily in northeast BC. These facilities provide services to
natural gas producers to remove impurities from the raw gas stream including
water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other substances. Where required,
these facilities also remove various NGLs for subsequent sale. The BC Field
Services business includes five gas processing plants located in British Columbia,
22 field compressor stations, and more than 1,800 miles of gathering pipelines.
The Midstream business provides similar gas gathering and processing services
in BC and Alberta through Spectra Energy’s 46% interest in Spectra Energy Income
Fund (Income Fund), formerly Duke Energy Income Fund, a Canadian Income Trust.
The Midstream business consists of 13 natural gas processing plants and approximately
1,000 miles of gathering pipelines. Total processing capacity is approximately
870 MMcf per day.
The Empress NGL Marketing business provides NGL extraction, fractionation,
transportation, storage and marketing services to both western Canadian producers
and NGL customers throughout Canada and the northern tier of the U.S. Assets
include, among other things, a majority ownership interest in an NGL extraction
plant, an integrated NGL fractionation facility, an NGL transmission pipeline,
seven terminals along the pipeline, two NGL storage facilities, and an NGL marketing
and gas supply business. Total processing capacity of the Empress system is
approximately 2.4 Bcf of gas per day. The Empress system is located in Western
and Central Canada.
DISTRIBUTION
Spectra Energy provides retail distribution services in Canada through its
subsidiary, Union Gas Limited (Union Gas). Union Gas owns primarily pipeline,
storage and compression facilities used in the transportation, storage and distribution
of natural gas. Union Gas’ system consists of approximately 22,000 miles of
distribution pipelines. Union Gas’ underground natural gas storage facilities
have a working capacity of approximately 150 Bcf in 20 underground facilities
located in depleted gas fields. Its transmission system consists of approximately
3,000 miles of high-pressure transmission pipeline and six mainline compressor
stations.
Union Gas distributes natural gas to approximately 1.3 million residential,
commercial and industrial customers in Northern, Southwestern and Eastern Ontario
and provides storage, transportation and related services to utilities and other
industry participants in the gas markets of Ontario, Quebec and the Central
and Eastern United States. Union Gas is regulated by the Ontario Energy Board
(OEB) pursuant to the provisions of the Ontario Energy Board Act (1998) and
is subject to regulation in a number of areas including rates.
Union Gas provides natural gas storage and transportation services for other
utilities and energy market participants in Ontario, Quebec and the United States.
Its storage and transmission system forms an important link in moving natural
gas from Western Canadian and U.S. supply basins to Central Canadian and Northeastern
U.S. markets. Transportation and storage customers are primarily Canadian natural
gas transmission and distribution companies. A substantial amount of Union Gas’
annual transportation and storage revenue is generated by fixed demand charges
under contracts with remaining terms of up to 11 years and an average outstanding
term of 3.9 years.
Union Gas’ distribution services to power generation and industrial customers
are affected by weather, economic conditions and the price of competitive energy
sources. Most of Union Gas’ power generation, industrial and large commercial
customers, and a portion of residential customers, purchase their natural gas
directly from suppliers or marketers. Because Union Gas earns income from the
distribution of natural gas and not the sale of the natural gas commodity, gas
distribution margins are not affected by the source of customers’ gas supply.
FIELD SERVICES
Field Services includes Spectra Energy’s investment in DCP Midstream. Field
Services gathers, compresses, processes, transports, trades and markets, and
stores natural gas. DCP Midstream also fractionates, transports, gathers, treats,
processes, trades and markets, and stores NGLs. In July 2005, Spectra Energy
Capital completed the disposition of its 19.7% interest in DCP Midstream, which
resulted in Spectra Energy Capital and ConocoPhillips becoming equal 50% owners
in DCP Midstream. Additionally, the disposition transaction included the acquisition
of ConocoPhillips’ interest in the Empress System and the transfer of the Canadian
Midstream operations of Field Services to Spectra Energy Capital. Subsequent
to the closing of the DCP Midstream disposition transaction, effective July
1, 2005, DCP Midstream was no longer consolidated into Spectra Energy Capital’s
consolidated financial statements and is accounted for as an equity method investment.
The Canadian Midstream operations and the Empress System were transferred to
Spectra Energy’s Western Canada Transmission & Processing segment. Additionally,
in February 2005, DCP Midstream sold its wholly-owned subsidiary, Texas Eastern
Products Pipeline Company, LLC, the general partner of TEPPCO Partners L.P.,
and Spectra Energy sold its limited partner interest in TEPPCO Partners L.P.,
in each case to the same unrelated third party.
In 2005, DCP Midstream formed DCP Midstream Partners, LP a master limited partnership.
DCP Midstream Partners, LP (DCPLP) completed an initial public offering in December
2005. As a result, DCP Midstream has a 42% ownership interest in DCPLP, consisting
of a 40% limited partner ownership interest and a 2% general partner ownership
interest. DCP Midstream owns 100% of the general partner of DCPLP and, therefore,
consolidates DCPLP in its financial statements.
DCP Midstream operates in 16 states in the United States (Alabama, Arkansas,
Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Mexico,
New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wyoming).
DCP Midstream’s gathering systems include connections to several interstate
and intrastate natural gas and NGL pipeline systems and one natural gas storage
facility. DCP Midstream gathers raw natural gas through gathering systems located
in seven major natural gas producing regions: Permian Basin, Mid-Continent,
East Texas-North Louisiana, Gulf Coast, South, Central, and Rocky Mountain.
DCP Midstream owns or operates approximately 56,000 miles of gathering and transmission
pipe, with approximately 34,000 active receipt points.
DCP Midstream’s natural gas processing operations separate raw natural gas
that has been gathered on its own systems and third-party systems into condensate,
NGLs and residue gas. DCP Midstream processes the raw natural gas at 53 natural
gas processing facilities.
The NGLs separated from the raw natural gas are either sold and transported
as NGL raw mix, or further separated through a fractionation process into their
individual components (ethane, propane, butane, and natural gasoline) and then
sold as components. DCP Midstream fractionates NGL raw mix at six processing
facilities that it owns and operates and at four third-party-operated facilities
in which it has an ownership interest. In addition, DCP Midstream operates a
propane wholesale marketing business. DCP Midstream sells NGLs to a variety
of customers ranging from large, multi-national petrochemical and refining companies
to small, regional retail propane distributors. Substantially all of its NGL
sales are at market-based prices.
The residue gas separated from the raw natural gas is sold at market-based
prices to marketers and end-users, including large industrial customers and
natural gas and electric utilities serving individual consumers. DCP Midstream
markets residue gas directly or through its wholly-owned gas marketing company
and its affiliates. DCP Midstream also stores residue gas at its 8 Bcf natural
gas storage facility.
DCP Midstream uses NGL trading and storage at the Mont Belvieu, Texas and Conway,
Kansas NGL market centers to manage its price risk and to provide additional
services to its customers. Asset-based gas trading and marketing activities
are supported by ownership of the Spindletop storage facility and various intrastate
pipelines which provide access to market centers/hubs such as Katy, Texas, and
the Houston Ship Channel. DCP Midstream undertakes these NGL and gas trading
activities through the use of fixed forward sales, basis and spread trades,
storage opportunities, put/call options, term contracts and spot market trading.
DCP Midstream believes there are additional opportunities to grow its services
with its customer base.