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Nmi Holdings Inc   (NMIH)
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What are Nmi Holdings Inc's Business Segments?



Mortgage Insurance Products
NMIC's residential mortgage insurance products primarily provide first loss protection on low down payment loans originated by residential mortgage lenders and sold to the GSEs and, to a lesser extent, on low down payment loans held by portfolio lenders.


The GSEs are the principal purchasers of the mortgages insured by MI companies, primarily as a result of their governmental mandate to provide liquidity in the secondary mortgage market. Freddie Mac's and Fannie Mae's federal charters prohibit the GSEs from purchasing a low down payment loan without an authorized form of credit enhancement, including insurance from a qualified MI company, the mortgage seller's retention of at least a 10% participation in the loan or the seller's agreement to repurchase or replace the loan in the event of a default. Lenders who sell their loans to the GSEs must ensure that the MI coverage they purchase from us meets the GSEs' requirements.

Primary Mortgage Insurance
Primary mortgage insurance provides mortgage default protection on individual loans at specified coverage percentages. Primary insurance may be written on (i) a flow basis, in which loans are insured as loan originations occur in individual, loan-by-loan transactions, or (ii) an aggregated basis, in which each loan in a portfolio of loans is individually insured in a single transaction, typically after the loans have been originated. In general, our business as a whole is not seasonal in nature; although, the overall new business opportunity of the private MI market may be impacted by normal seasonal trends in originations of low down-payment mortgages. We currently offer both types of primary mortgage insurance products to our customers. In 2015, all of our new insurance written (NIW) consisted of primary insurance, and we currently expect that most of the insurance that we write in the future will continue to be primary.


Our maximum obligation to an insured with respect to a claim is generally determined by multiplying the coverage percentage selected by the insured by the loss amount on a defaulted loan. The loss amount on an insured loan includes unpaid loan principal, delinquent interest and certain expenses associated with the default and subsequent foreclosure or sale of the property, all as specified in our master mortgage insurance policy (Master Policy). At the time of a claim, we will typically pay the coverage percentage of the loss amount, but have the option to (i) pay 100% of the loss amount and acquire title to the property, or (ii) if the property is sold prior to settlement of the claim, pay the insured's actual loss up to the maximum level of coverage. We expect that most of our primary insurance will be written on first-lien mortgage loans secured by owner occupied single-family homes, which are one-to-four family homes and condominiums. To a lesser extent, we may also write primary insurance on first-lien mortgages secured by non-owner occupied single-family homes, which are referred to in the home mortgage lending industry as investor loans, and on vacation or second homes.


IIF is the unpaid principal balance of insured loans. RIF is the product of the coverage percentage multiplied by the unpaid principal balance. When a lender purchases our mortgage insurance, it selects a specific coverage level for an insured loan. For loans sold to the GSEs, the coverage percentage must comply with the requirements established by the particular GSE to which the loan is sold. For other loans, the lender makes the determination. We expect our risk across all policies written to approximate 25% of primary IIF but will vary on an individual loan basis between 6% and 35% coverage. In general, we structure our premium rates so that they increase as the coverage percentage increases, to account for relatively increased levels of risk that are present as the coverage percentages increase. Higher coverage percentages generally result in greater amounts paid per claim relative to policies with lower coverage percentages.


Depending on the requirements of the loan instrument and the lender, the premium payments for primary MI coverage may either be paid by the borrower or the lender. Premium payments borne by the borrower are referred to as borrower paid mortgage insurance (BPMI). Premium payments made directly by the lender are referred to as lender paid mortgage insurance (LPMI). The lender may structure the loan transaction to recover LPMI premiums through an increase in the note rate on the mortgage or higher origination fees. In general, premium received on LPMI business is non-refundable. In either case, the payment of premium to us is the responsibility of the insured (i.e., the lender) and not the borrower.


Our premium rates are based on rates and rating rules that we have filed with various state insurance departments. To establish these rates, we use pricing models that assess risk across a spectrum of variables, including coverage percentages, loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, loan and property attributes, and borrower risk characteristics. We generally cannot change premium rates after coverage is established. We have discretion under our rates and rating rules to offer discounts, and we may choose to offer such discounts for certain high quality business.
In general, premiums are calculated as basis points of the unpaid principal balance of an insured loan. We have four premium plans:

single — the insured pays all premium up front at the time coverage is placed;

annual — the insured pays premium at the time coverage is placed for the first 12 months of coverage. The insured subsequently pays renewal premiums to maintain coverage for successive 12 month periods, with such renewals due prior to the expiration of the then applicable 12 month period;

monthly — the insured pays premium for the first month of coverage on the loan close date. We subsequently bill the insured each month for the next month's coverage; and

Monthly Advantage® — when we receive notice of the loan close date, we bill the insured for the previous month of coverage (for coverage effective as of the loan close date) and each month thereafter; with this premium plan, the insured pays premium in arrears for the prior month of coverage.


In general, we may not terminate MI coverage except when the insured fails to pay premium or for certain material violations of our Master Policy; although, as discussed below, the terms of our Master Policy restrict our rescission rights when certain criteria are met. For monthly or annual policies, MI coverage will continue at the option of the insured lender, by payment of renewal premiums at the renewal rate fixed when the loan was initially insured. Lenders may cancel insurance on a loan at any time at their option or because of mortgage repayment, which may be accelerated because a borrower refinances a mortgage or sells the property. The GSEs' guidelines generally provide that a borrower on a GSE-owned loan meeting certain conditions may require the mortgage servicer to cancel BPMI upon the borrower's request when the principal balance of the loan is 80% or less of the property's current value. The federal Homeowners Protection Act of 1998 (HOPA) also requires the automatic termination of BPMI on most loans when the LTV ratio (based upon the loan's amortization schedule) reaches 78%, and provides for cancellation of BPMI upon a borrower's request when the LTV ratio (based on the original value of the property) reaches 80%, upon satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the HOPA. In addition, some states impose their own notice and cancellation requirements on mortgage loan servicers.

Master Policy and Independent Validation


The terms of our primary mortgage insurance coverage are governed by our Master Policy and its related endorsements, which we issue to each approved lender with which we do business. The Master Policy sets forth the terms and conditions of our MI coverage, including, among others, coverage terms, premium payment obligations, exclusions or reductions in coverage, rescission and rescission relief provisions, policy administration requirements, conditions precedent to payment of a claim and loss payment procedures.


Our Master Policy generally protects us from the risk of material misrepresentation and fraud in the origination of a loan by establishing the right to rescind coverage in such event. We believe our Master Policy sets forth clear and straightforward terms regarding our rescission rights, including limitations on our right to rescind coverage when certain conditions are met, which we refer to as "rescission relief." Our rescission relief provisions include several key components. First, subject to our independent validation of coverage eligibility of an insured loan, we agree in the Master Policy that we will not rescind or cancel coverage of such loan for material borrower misrepresentation or underwriting defects provided the borrower timely makes the first 12 monthly payments. The lender chooses whether or not to have insured loans independently validated by us in order to receive 12-month rescission relief. Second, if a borrower does not make 12 timely payments or we have not completed an independent validation on a loan, the loan is still eligible for rescission relief if the loan is current after 36 months following origination and the borrower has had no more than two 30-day delinquencies and no 60-day or greater delinquencies. Third, our rescission relief provisions include additional limitations on our ability to initiate an investigation of fraud or misrepresentation by a "First Party," defined in the Master Policy as our insured or any other party involved in the origination of an insured loan.

   

Nmi Holdings Inc Tax Rate Companies within the Property & Casualty Insurance Industry


Business Segments Q4
Revenues
(in millions $)
Q4
Income
(in millions $)
(Dec 31 2023)
%
(Profit Margin)
Total 151.38 83.41 55.1 %

Growth rates by Segment Q4
Y/Y Revenue
%
(Dec 31 2023)
Q/Q Revenue
%
Q4
Y/Y Income
%
(Dec 31 2023)
Q/Q Income
%
Total 13.73 % 2.17 % 14.36 % -0.65 %

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